The prototropic equilibria in pentenylphosphonic systems

The reductive half-reaction of xanthine oxidase. The involvement of prototropic equilibria in the course of the catalytic sequence.

The pH dependence and solvent isotope sensitivity of three discrete steps in the reductive half-reaction of xanthine oxidase have been investigated. The pH dependence of both kcat/Km from steady-state experiments and kred/Kdfrom rapid reaction experiments with xanthine as substrate indicate that enzyme reacts preferentially with the neutral form of substrate and that an ionizable group in the a...

Nash Equilibria in Distributed Systems

The objective of this paper is three-fold. First, we specify what it means for a fixed point of a stabilizing distributed system to be a Nash equilibrium. Second, we present methods that can be used to verify whether or not a given fixed point of a given stabilizing distributed system is a Nash equilibrium. Third, we argue that in a stabilizing distributed system, whose fixed points are all Nas...

Modelling phase equilibria in systems

Nash Equilibria in Stabilizing Systems

The main objective of this paper is to argue that Nash equilibria, which were introduced as termination criteria of games [1], can be used to discourage malicious perturbations in stabilizing distributed systems. But let us start, from the beginning, by describing how a Nash equilibrium can be used as a termination criterion for a well-known game called the two-prisoner dilemma [2]. Consider a ...

Modeling the Equilibria of Complex Supramolecular Systems

The modeling of solution equilibria through the evaluation of multiple simultaneous equations is a ubiquitous component of undergraduate analytical chemistry. Common systems investigated include metal–ligand and acid–base equilibria as a result of their practical importance and because they typically involve ionic species allowing a charge balance equation to be used in solving for multiple unk...